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The Crucible

Fleeing religious persecution in England, a group of Puritans sailed aboard the Mayflower toward the coast of what is now the United States of America. The ship was carrying one hundred and two people, excluding crew, to the new location. They were the first settlers, called "Pilgrim Fathers", to settle in the Massachusetts coast, forming the colony of Plymouth in 1620. Seventy-two years later, he lived a stream of mass hysteria in a small community called Salem, which resulted in the arrest of over one hundred and fifty people or two hundred, accused of practicing witchcraft and the execution of 13 women and 7 men on the gallows.

Within the small community of Salem was a strict religious behavior, in which each person watched their neighbors and in turn was controlled by them in their words and actions, creating doubts and suspicions if their conduct does not comply with Puritan religious standards. Women were considered as individuals designated to serve their husbands, and have no greater rights, while the children were intended to educate severely early on in the work of adults rather than just play. Another major concern of this community was to avoid the "wrath of God" and therefore adhere strictly to the religious dictates of Puritanism to avoid divine punishment which resulted in crop failure, bad weather and death of livestock.


The events began in the parsonage where the family lived the Rev. Samuel Parris. At Your Service was a slave from the West Indies called Tituba, who spoke their language Antillean and West Indian religious rites practiced, probably the voodoo practices incomprehensible to the people of this community. The slave was responsible for the care of Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. nine years, and her cousin Abigail Williams, of eleven. Tituba would entertain the girls with stories of their ancestral land and claimed that he could read the future through various Mancia. Just

beginning of spring, the girls began to behave strangely. As soon broke to mourn for no apparent reason, ensuring that they were being bitten by invisible beings, and toured the house on all fours and barking like a dog. At other times they were paralyzed and mute, or throwing strange guttural cries. Soon after, one of her friends, Anne Putman , twelve years old, said he had been attacked by an evil witch. When the doctor in the city found no explanation for such strange behaviors, attributed the phenomenon to a possible demonic possession.


Frightened by the commotion caused the girls were quick to accuse Tituba, ensuring that they were forced to eat a cake base bewitched child urine and rye flour. They further insisted that it was preparing with the complicity of Sarah Good, a homeless man who was dressed male and smoking a pipe, something unacceptable to the Puritans, and Sarah Osborne, a woman living free with a farmer and, soon after his arrest, died in prison. Tituba said, under threat of torture, she was one of the many witches who lived in Salem and that its secrets were due to the book that gave him a strange man he had met in Boston. His remarks opened the season and began a real witch hunt. Salem

and seemed transformed the once peaceful community that old hatreds surfaced quickly resulted in complaints and accusations. For example, Anne Putman and her mother accused an elderly woman living alone and away from the town, while another woman, who refused to attend religious functions, was accused by her neighbor had poisoned the water of the trough where they drank their oxen. Over one hundred and fifty people were arrested and imprisoned and, in early May 1693 began to conduct trials. The judges themselves were tainted by religious hysteria of the Salem community, frantically demanding sentences to suspected witches. Up to a total of thirteen women, who simply live a life different from their neighbors or have dealt with them on occasion, died on the gallows from 10 June to 22 September 1693.


But they were also victims of ignorance and fanaticism, men like the Rev. George Burroughs, the forerunner of Parris in the parish, the chief accused of being witches and hanged on August 19, 1693. Also identified a sea captain named John Alden as responsible for the famous book that said possession Tituba. With him were five other people hanged in Salem. Another old man, who refused to testify, was stoned. Tituba was saved by the mere fact of becoming an informer on his neighbors, but after the executions was sold by Parris.

Years later, jurors asked for forgiveness after signing a public confession in which they declared to have acted forced by circumstances. For its part, the state governor pardoned the suspects who were still in prison and executed exonerated of charges that had led to the conviction. But, what resulted the girls' strange behavior? Do poisoning caused by ingestion of a toxin that contaminates rye and can cause hallucinations?.


Sources: María Pilar Queralt
iron Passionate Women's Lives . 2010 The Sphere Books Ltd.
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juicios_de_Salem
http://funversion.universia.es/curiosidades/xfiles/brujas.jsp