Clara Campoamor is considered one of the "mother" of English feminism, advocated equal rights for women, plus women's suffrage and promoted the first divorce law. His literary activity the developed in the newspapers of the time: La Tribuna, Nuevo Heraldo, El Sol and El Tiempo. Among his works: The right of women in Spain (1936), The status of English women (1938), My mortal sin, the female vote and I and English Revolution as seen by a Republican.
born in Madrid's Maravillas district on February 12, 1888, in a family of humble origin. His mother was a dressmaker and her father, an accountant from a newspaper. On the premature death of his father was forced to interrupt his studies and began his working life at thirteen years, helping his mother as a dressmaker. Then becomes dependent on trade until 1909, which presents some administrative examinations and get a place in the auxiliary of the Telegraph, one of the few who could aspire to being a woman. This body becomes official Post and Telegraph practicing in Zaragoza and San Sebastian.
In 1914, introduces himself and gets a place in a competition for teachers in schools for adults, going to practice in Madrid. In his work as an educator secretary added journal "La Tribune". The economically distressed he suffered in his childhood and youth were not an impediment to that in 1924, with thirty-six years, obtained a law degree at the University of Madrid, having gone through Oviedo and Murcia. In 1925 he was appointed a member of the Bar, when they began their political activities. Since then manifests itself as a tireless fighter for equal rights. Besides
Margarita Nelken and Victoria Kent were the first women to win a seat in Parliament first Republican in 1931, elections to which Clara Campoamor was presented by the Radical Party, being elected to parliament in Madrid . He was part of the Constitutional Commission composed of twenty-one deputies and there effectively fought to establish non-discrimination on grounds of sex, the legal equality of children gotten inside and outside of marriage, divorce and universal suffrage, often called "female vote" . got everything except on the vote, which had to be debated in Parliament.
Victoria Kent opposed women's suffrage because they believed that, influenced by the Church, the Republic would not vote. This position was supported by the right and the rejection of Clara Campoamor, who claimed the right to female vote, independently of whether they liked it or not its orientation. So Clara Campoamor and Victoria Kent, "La Clara" and " The Yolk" as they are nicknamed in the press of the time, got into a huge debate. Clara Campoamor kept the theoretical principle of equality and bore the brunt of the debates almost alone, opposed by his own party, the Radical, and most Republicans. There were many who opposed the enfranchisement of women: the traditionalist right-wing parties and Catholic and republican parties from utilitarian positions.
Eventually the matter was resolved with a narrow victory of supporters of the "female vote" against the opponents, so that the Constitution adopted by the Republican Parliament, recognized the full legal and political equality of men and women and thanks to the influence of Clara Campoamor the female vote went ahead. In the 1931 Constitution, the article that was well recognized: "Citizens of either sex, aged over 23 will have the same voting rights as determined by law" and voted in English General Election 1933, paradoxically, the year that both Clara Campoamor and Victoria Kent lost his seat.
In 1935, separated from the Radical Party, complaining of neglect and lack of support from his party paid to women's issues. At that time, she was appointed President of the Pro-Child Labour Organization, to meet the girls and boys Asturias. Finding no political group that openly supports the rights of women, seeks, unsuccessfully, to organize an independent political party and denied entry into the Republican Left Party. He wrote and published in May 1935, My mortal sin. The female vote and I a testament to their parliamentary struggles. At the outbreak of civil war and was exiled in 1937 published in Paris, The English Revolution as seen by a Republican. lived a decade in Buenos Aires and earned a living translating, lecturing and writing biographies. Attempted to return to Spain in the late 1940's, but found that he was prosecuted for belonging to a Masonic lodge.
In 1955 he settled in Lausanne, Switzerland, and worked at a law firm until he lost his sight. He died of cancer in April 1972. His remains were transferred some years after his death Polloe cemetery in San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, remains in the family vault to be godmother Monsó Riu family. After the transition takes place honors and awards that are valued as low pro-equality organizations of women. Colleges, schools, cultural centers, women's associations, parks and streets were named. The Secretariat for Equality of the PSOE established Clara Campoamor Awards annually to recognize those individuals or groups that have meaning in the defense of women's equality.
In 2006, 75 th anniversary of the adoption of universal suffrage in Spain, various groups began a campaign to seek recognition by Congress of Deputies of their contributions to the placement of a bust in their facilities. In November of that year, the Socialists issued a bill asking the government of the PP that equality policies were also reflected in the coinage of the euro. The female figure was chosen to appear on future euro coins was that of Clara Campoamor, as the leading advocate of women's vote in the Second Republic, a proposal which was finally approved on Tuesday June 12, 2007, by the full Congress , with the support of all parliamentary groups except the PP. From the English political transition many municipalities have dedicated streets and avenues in their localities. In 2007, the Ministry of Development launched on B-32 Multipurpose Vessel Clara Campoamor, named in his honor, operated by the Society of Maritime Safety Agency.
Sources:
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara_Campoamor
http://www.malostratos.org/mujeres/campoamor.htm
http://www.ciudaddemujeres.com/mujeres/Politica/CampoamorClara . htm
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